Method of mining coal and other minerals.



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J. H. HDLEY @L W. H. KNIGHT. METHOD or MINING CUAL AND OTHER MINERALS.

. APPLITN LD DBO, 9,1910, 1,040,679. Patented Oeil.

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.W,..IN.I|I..1.VU|.. III! lli--- ---HQ J. H. HOADLEY & W. H. KNIGHT. METHOD 0F MINING GOAL AND O THER MINERALS.

APPLICATION FILED DEO. S, 1910.

mv w# #d WITN ESSES J. H. HADLEY d; W. H. KNIGHT. METHOD or MINING, QOEAND OTHER MINERALS.

l APPLIHATIN FILED DEU. 9, 19'10. 1,040,679. E Patented oct. s, 1912. E

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INVENTOR lnaln ATTORN EY WITNESSESF Jl. -H.VHOADLEY 6; W. H. KNIGHT. METHOD 0F MINING GOAL AND OTHER MINERALS.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.9, 1910.

Patented Oct. 8, 1912.

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J. H. HOADLEY'& W. H. KNIGHT. METHOD OF MINING COAL AND OTHER MlNERALS.

APPLIGATION FILED DBO.9,1910.` 1,040,679. l Patented oct. 8, 1912.

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'bnf 57 f fo owing"is a s eciication.

- 'UNrrED STAT-Es Joann n. HoAnLEY, or Nnwronx, Narni-Ann WALTER. rr amena, orronfrsMoU'rH Buona rsnnnn4 OFFICE.

mnrnon or Minnie cosa; annornnn MINERALS.

applicati@ mea nmber a, 191e.l semina. 596,495;-

in 4the county Our improve method contemplateg-in la sense, the eliminationl of-the'minen'and it also dispenses with the employment 'of eX-f plosives;and valthough in the direction, ma-

- nipulation and control 'of the machines and apparat-us in carrying our new method into use, manual aid 1s necessary, yet the miner,

fas such, is practically done away with.

The advantages of this twofold` departure 'in the mining of certain classes of minerals and-especially the mining of coalto which our method and invention are more part-1eularly addressed, are very numerous, and are both'economic and humane.

No 'industry is more prolific of disaster,

both distressful and costly, than coal mining, and no other industry in this country, .lowingl tothe crude methods employed, 1m- $0.

poses such hardships upon the workman immediately engaged in taking the coal ,from the vein. vTo alleviate these distressful conditions, land to render the mining of coal a lsafer and more humane business than it is at tion.

present is the primary objecty of our invenrowing out of these changes are great economic advantages also, and we purunder the employment of our addescribed and claimed, of effecting a very large reduction-in the. actual cost -of taking the coal from itsl bed. Another great stride in the art'. of coal mining which will followfrom the lintroduction and employment of our 1nvention will be the novel and more desirable forms ofthe mined product. This step and departure in itself will demand and create improved methods of fuel transportation,

and it will also result in many novel and economlc ways of fuel consumption. These, and many other facts and advantages, will be brought' out in the present specification l as illustrated and amplified by the drawings 'Q '.acompanying, and forming part-olf,

y y ,H v56 'To these ends our lnvention consists, in `guts broadest sense, of a method ,of milling,"

specification.

#and by the-,same act or process, of commi- Patenteaioeusgaiera.'

outing the-coal, or other mineral, as itgis -vtaken from" the vein, and thereupon, and im0 employ la preferred form of conveyer forson m'edi'ately following its segregatiomof rei" i movlng the product of the milling and cnminuting machine ,by an automatic conveyerl to` 'any desired point. More speciically wel e carrying this part of our invention into ef, feet, utilizing the movement and mechanical a rush of a'fluid, which, joining' the segre' gated an'd comminuted mineral at the moment of its separation from 'its bed, seizes' it 1 n a' vortex and sweeps it,jointly with itself,v into a tube, or'conduit, provided for that purpose. For carrying this part of'our invention into efect 'either air or water may be employed; also we may employ both air and water together in the same method and at the same stages of the work; or we may employ 'them successively, as first the air and then the water, or vice versa; or wel may employ air upon a part of the products transit bringing in the water as a propulsive mediumaccessory to the air, drawing the air off at a suitable stage and finally trapping the Water out, either partially or altogether; it being understood that local conditions such as the kind and quality of the coal, or other mineral, being mined, the

presence of water, or otherwise, 'as well as mine the specific details'of our method.; y some of the reasons for arriving at different solutions vto meet specific cases will be pointed out and explained herein.

Our invention contemplates' not only such steps as will remove the product to the desired point, or points, but also separating processes, whereby, if more than one fluid is employed, they may be trapped, or segregated, the one from the other, and whereby, also the coal, or other product of the mine, c an be Wholly, or partially separated from the conveying iuid, or iuids.

In the present case we illustrate the application of our method by showing a coal mine, Where,

dip and thickness of the Vein, the natural4 in order to reach the mineral,

constructed by any of the present methods in use; thirdly we show at the bottom of the shaft and Aat the point where the tunnel connects therewith, a sump, or sunken part,

which-we will refer to herein as a sump, or

separating chamber.

In the present application we employ and `show means for utilizing-fluid vehicles for seizing and taking hold of the comminuted product as fast as it is cut, and by a continuous movement automatically conveying the product to the sump aforesaid, where, as we employ herein both air and water as joint and coperating fluid agencies, we showv separating processes to sift, rst the air from the wetted mineral, andthen the mineral from. the water; and for these reasons the sump where the preliminary s'egrei Agating process takes place 1s referredto herein as the separating chamber.

When the shaft has been sunk, a tunnel extended therefrom, and a sump, or separating chamber provided, the mine such as herein described, is ready for the, reception.

of the machine and apparatus employed for carrying the method shown, described and claimed in this specification. into practical effect.

The` principal agencies and parts of the machine, and` apparatus for carrying our invention into practical effect as set forth herein are as follows :f-FirstLa machine provided with rotatable wheels' having milling tools, which', upon the rotation of said wheels and upon the tools being forced against the'vein of coal, cut the mineral therefrom' at the desired speed and iineness, depositing the heavier particles of the product upon the floor ofthe mine; the ma-` chine is also provided with means for propelling itself forward or backward, an electric motor and a suitable source of power therefor, means for tilting the machine for following the drift of the vein, means for holding the machine to its proper line and firmly against the wall of coal being operated upon, means for expanding, or contracting the height of the cutting face presented, together with other features which will be explained in detail. The second agency consists in the coal collecting and conveying apparatus wherein is utilized al .swiftly moving volumey of atmospheric air which is directed against the comminuted product as it is separated from the vein, and thereupon seizing, as in a yortex, the said coinminuted product and conveying it by means of a suitable and specially constructed tube, or conduit, to a distant point such as the sump, or separating chamber herein described, with wetting devices to meisten the product at one or more places either in Leaders transit, er as it is deposited on the floor of 'the mine. The third part or feature con- I vsists of a separating chamber, as stated,

where the air being of no further service as a vehicular agent, can be drawn oli' from the wetted product, and the said product, still associated with its water, can be pumped, drawn, orl conveyed to settling tanks or areas, whereby the operation of gravity the mineral can be wholly or partially segregated from the water and then removed as a commercial. product.

"We have -therefore the three general agencies all working together to carry our method into effect, namely. First: the milling and comminutingv machine. Second: the coal collecting and conveying apparatus. Third: the sifting or separating ap paratus.

TWe will now proceed to describe the accompanying drawings but it is to be understood that our method is not limited to the use of the particular machine and apparatus shown therein but on the contrarythese elements may be varied to any extent so lon as the sequential acts herein set forth and claimed are employed. Y Referring to these drawings -Figure l, represents a plan view of a coal mine as it would showy developed under the method de scribed herein. Fig. 2, is a longitudinal vertical section mi theline IIII Fig. l. Fig. 3, is a vertical cross section on the line III-HI Fig. 2. Fig. 4,- is a plan view, partly insection, of a machine employed by us for carrying our method into effect; this view is shown on the lines Ill-IV Fig. 5. Fig. 5, is a vertical longitudinal section of the samemachine on the line V-V Fig. 4. Fig. 6, is a vertical transverse section of the same machine on the line VI-KVI Fig. 4. Fig. 7,#is a longitudinal section of the tube or conduit which constitutes the lcircu`mscribed pathl of the outgoing product and the-fluid vehicle; it is shown on the line VFL-VH Fig. 6-. Fig. 8, is a transverse vertical section of the forward part of the machine on the line VHI-VIII Fig'. 5. Fig. 9, is a vertical transverse section of the machine on the line "iX-IX Fig. 5. Fig. l0, is a detail view.

In these drawings l'represents a vertical shaft extending from the surface of the ground down to a point where access can bev had, by horizontal reaches, to thecoal vein; the constructing of this'shaft may be conducted in accordance with any suitable method. At the bottom of the vertical shaft, l, we construct and provide the sump 2; this sump is utilized as a separating chamber for the fluid vehicle, or vehicles, and the mineral product.j as will b'e hereinafter particularly explained. It is provided witha sealed cover 2a. Reaching out, substantially at a right angle from theshaft l, is the short geo ' reach or tunnel 3; this is a preliminary tun-l nel and is excavated by any suitable method.

Thesump, .or separating chamber, in being at the lower terminal of the shaft l, is also at the outer terminal of the short reach or ari lit angle, and from this point, also on a horizontal line, we construct the 'longer reach, or tunnel 5. l

. The shaft 1, the sump 2, and the tunnels 3, and 5, are constructed for the introduction and accommodation of the machine and ap# paratus designed to carry our invention and method into .practical eii'ect.

In Fig. 1, we show the relative position-of the vertical shaft, the short reach, or preliminary tunnel 3, and the longer reach, or

tunnel 5, formed at a right angle to the short tunnel and leading therefrom; the said tunnels 3, 5, are formed in the coal vein and together constitute a continuous way and are substantially on the same level. Proceeding inwardly, the line 6 indicates the right hand wall of the tunnel, and the line T the left hand wall. At the merger of the reaches, 3 and 5, ofthe tunnel the walls are curved as stated; in other Words at the point 4, the Wall 6 is rounded oil?,A and at the part 8 opposite on the wall 7 yan approximately parallel curving is provided. This construction and provision is important in carrying our method into effect. As stated the tunnel, 3, 5, is formed in the coal vein and may be -constructed by any of the present methods of tunneling, and, as shownlin Fig. 1, is ready for the introduction, applichtion, and operation of the machineand apparatus invented anddsigned by us as an 'approved means of accomplishing the acts and ends herein claimed.

The tunnel, 3, 5, constitutes as aforesaid a continuous way and will be considered herein as a horizontal reach, althoughV as a matter of fact, in mining according to this method, we contemplate following the dip, or inclination of the vein, whether up, or down, to

any extent desired.

VThe reliminary tunneling operation has, as hereinbefore stated, brought the left Wall of the tunnel upto the line indicated at 7 in Fig. 1. Beginning at the point 9, that is to say the point where the left wall of the .short reach 3 enters upon the curve 8 which leads to the longer reach 5, is shown a line 10 immediately to the rear of line 7. It is the purpose ofour method to cut, comminute, and automatically remove, to any described point, the coal, or other mineral, lying between lines 7 and 10 situated on the to the top or ceiling thereof, by a single forwardexcursion of our machine. lVhen the machine has arrived at the end of the reach 5, it `is ,backed out, in the manner and bv means of the mechanism hereinafter de scribed, and upon'being backed out the out ting operation is resumed,the cutters again.

beginning at' thepoint 9, it bein understood that the point 9 shifts a little arther in at everynew attack, working around the curve 8 into the main reach 5- and removing by the lsaine cutting and commi-nuting operation, the mineral lying between the linesl() and 11: Uponthe arrival of the machine at the outer end of the reach 5, it is stopped, its propelling mechanismis reversed, and it is again brought back to the initial presenting position, and starting again from pointv 9,

it again advances around the curve 8 and upon this excursion cuts, comminutes, and removes the mineral lying between the lines 11 and 12. Upon arepetition of these operations the section of mineral lying between lines 12 and 13 is cut, ,comminuted and removed. Similarsuccessive operations take oifsuccessive sections ofmineral, as'from the line 13 to the line 14, from the line 14 to the line 15, from the line: 15 to the line 16, and "so on indeinitely, or until the desired room, or area has been covered by the machine and the comminuted mineralremoved therefrom. It will be seen by the foregoing that one oint of novelty resides in the method o getting out successive sections of the mineral by'leading from the short to the long reach of the tunnel 3, 5, and around the curve 8; in this way and by this method we are enabled, with a single ended machine, to cut off parallel and successive sections of the mineral by starting from the same point and position in the shorter reach and working the said machine -around a curve into the longerreach. yThese successive sections ai'e in a certain sense designated and precise; vthat is to say their successive positions are largely predetermined and therefore if the vein is constant, the amount being, or to be, mined, can be measured with a certain amount of exactness by the number of sections removed.`

Ve will show that this novel method of automatically mining coal provides a constant means of attack so that the machine, which assists in carrying `the method into operation dispenses with the necessity of manually, or otherwise, removing any of the p 37 and 38.A

vattack'the left hand wall of the coal mine at the. point 9 as hereinbefore explained. We will lhere proceed to describe its construction. It is provided with a' main frame .18 rectangular -in shape and with cross vbeams 19, 20au and 20", and itis supported on the tractionwheels 21 and 22 and a forward wheel '23 all ofwhich will be referred to again; the forward, or pilot wheel, 23 is 15. v 'themselves 1n 'the floor 25 of the mine and provided with biting edges 2t which fasten which assistJ in maintaining the machine to the-line desired in its forward travel closely Y up against the left wall 7 see Fig. 8; the

machine is propelled either forward or backward by means of the, traction wheels 2l, 22.

" 'These traction wheels are mounted upon the main shaft 26 provided with a clutch mechanism 27 ,the latter being hereinafter fully described, said clutch mechanism "having a sprocket wheel 283 meshing with sprocket chain 29, the latter again meshing withA sprocket wheel 30 in the-'forward part of the machine.`

The forward sprocket wheel3() is mounted and rotates on the stud 31 having a gearwheel 32 which latter is. rotated `by the electric `motor 33 through the medium of mechanism hereinafter explained. The electric motor 33 is mounted in the machine in.

any desired way as by the' tubular bracket 34:. .A source of power is shown at 35, a controller at 36 and electric connections between the source of power and the controller and betweenthe latter and the motor at We will now roceed to describe a mech- .anism for elfecting the cutting and comminuting 'of the mineral.

Referring to Fig. 4;, we show a view of the machine partly in plan and partly in horizontal section. 39 and 40, indicate wheels mounted respectively on .the shafts 4:1, and lf2; the wheel 39 occupies a lower and forward position and wheel 40 an upper position and somewhat to the rear of 39; see Fig. 5; the effect of this arrangement is, that yas the machine advances it cuts the lower portion of the section first, the'upper portion second, the second and upper cut immediately following the first and lower cut, and it is the combined action of the cutters on these two wheels which removes the entire body 'of any one of the sections of the coal vein hereinbefore referred to; in other words the cutting wheel 39 extends along somewhat over half way of the height of the section; the cutting wheel 40 covers-the saine Jil'.

the roof of the mine, and both cutting ldistance laterally andr extends vertically to I wheelsoperate upon the left wall'7, of the. I

tunnel. The cutting tools are shown at 43; n' these tools are mounted in the arms 44 hav-v. ing sliding and l adjustable movements."

therein andare held in place by set screws' Lt5; as the tools become worn they can beV and the comminuted product of the lupperseries of cut-ting tools can descend to the floor of the mine in a direct line and without interfering with the lower and forward series of cutters. By referring to Fig. 5 of the drawings these relative positions are. made apparent. It will be seen that the cutters on the llower wheel attack the-left wall 7 of, the coal at a point which is'somewhat more than half way up `the vertical height of the section and, moving along the curved line A-B reach the fioor 25 of the mii'ie: at the point B, thereby extending `the llodr'line, both laterally and longitudinally. The rear and upper wheel 40, with' its cutting toolsy immediately following, attack the roof or ceiling 25a of the mine at the point C moving along the curved line C-D. In this Away the entire body of mineral lying between the oor and roof of the mine is cut out and comminuted by the joint and successive action of the cutting tools on the wheels 39, and 4o.

The cuttingtools are staggered on each they comminute the mineral to a-ineness ne sembling sand orY sugar, some of the product being in size sinaller than ordinary sea sand and some larger, it not being necessary in our method 'that the resulting particles should be of even dimension; a wide variance doesnot interfere with us, or in any manner impair the operation of our method, pieces as large asay pea. and even larger being handled wit-h the saine dexterity as the smaller particles; and also onthe other hand the veryv fine particles consisting of mere dust, 4or powder are drawn off with equal convenience, facility and precision. If the particles are too large to be taken care of by the currents of air moving toward the collecting box they will be otherwise di- Viected into as will lie explained. Therefore, wherever in the specification y and claims we use the word comminuted to., designate the results of the act Iem loyed `by us in reducing the mineral-to the esired sifze, wejdesire it to be understood we have in view .the Avarious dimensions just rehearsed;

4shafts 41 and '42 vhave gear wheels 46 and 47,: see Fig. 4; between these two larger arl jvheels,and intermeshing with both, is

i e smaller gear wheel 48, which latter is mounted 'uppn the outer end of the shaft 49* which `covnstitutes the armature shaft of the velectric lmotor 33t; these parts show theV means connecting the motor and the wheels."

At 49 we show a box'fraine or casing hav- .in'gthe -extensions- 50, 50, which bear wheels 46, 47, 48; the casing 51 is segainstxtlieleft wall of the reach; at 51 we a" casing which with 49 incloses the 'cured tothe casing 49 by bolts 52, and to the tubular' l:support -34 by the bolts 53. The

Y 49is provided with extensions 54, 55;

.also with the bushings`56 and 57, which con- "stitiite 'bearings respectively for the outer ends-of the shafts 41, 42; the casing 51 is providedwith extensions 58, 59 which con- 4stitute y'respectively bearings for the inner ends -of the shafts 41 42; similar bushings are also provided here.

The inner end of the shaft 41 has a pinl 'fion wheel 60, meshing with the gear wheel 32 forming part of the chain wheel 30; by these means power is transmit-ted to the chain wheel 30 and through the medium of the chain 29 to the chain wheel 28.

The vshaft 26 of the machine which constitutes as aforesaid, the main driving shaft, extends between the traction wheels 21, 22, `and is provided with a bearing 61, suppoited by.- and turning in, the standards 62 which :latter seatv upon, a`nd are secured to, the

.main frame '18 by the bolts 63; see Figs. '4 and 9. The other end of the shaft 26, see Fig. 9, is'vjalso provided with a bearing 64. Upon this bearing rests the lower end of a vert-ical screw '65, capable of being manually turned and adjusted by means of a handle 66. VThe screw 65,'turns in an upper verticall extension 67. of the standard 68 which latter encircles the bearing 64 and the shaft 26 and which is attached to the main frame A18-by means of the bolts 69. We will prooecd to describe the'object of this particular portion of the machine and the method of that the inclination or dip of e0 wise be a profitless burden, but also increases our methods commercial eiciency. at the sifting and separating chamber, as well as at the conveying apparatus. Tobe enabled to steer clear to a great extent of theundesirable contiguous bodies isthe object ofv 'I the devices just explained. The operator,

twho, for convenience of access to this as well -as to other adjusting and manipulating handles, may be seated at 70, can bv working the handle 66 elevate or vlower that corner of the machine, which operation will cause a corresponding raising or lowering of the diagonally opposite corner, namely at that point of the machine where the cutting is taking place; by this means the operator can quickly adjust the machine so .that it will follow the desired direction. Thus, ifv the operator in charge of the machine, notices that there is a perceptible change in the dip of the vein from a slightly upward inclination to a direction approaching more nearly the horizontal he proceeds t6 shift the ldirection of the attack of t-he machine b v elevating the standard 68 and consequentlythe corner of the machine immediately thereunder by manipulating the handle 66. This will lower, correspondingly, the nose, or bitin'g point, of the machine; a contrary change in the inclination of the vein would require a like change in the vertical piloting device just described. Our method, though not depending for its success upon the employment of this tilting device, is, nevertheless, by its use rendered more etiicient. In the mining of coal, and other minerals, it also happens that the thickness'of the vein changes; it may increase, or it may decrease, in thickness. Here again it is desirable, for economys sake, to be able to accommodate the vworkings of this method to Veins of varying thicknesses and to avoid as much as possible the necessity of cutting out, removing, and as a consequence, of mixing, with the desired product, undesirable mattei' which may lie immediately contiguous to the vein and eitherv above or below it; in other words if there is a shrinkage in the thick# ness of the coal vein it is desirable to provide a corresponding. shrinkage in the cut-` ting machine; this we do in carrying our method 'into eifect.. Tol these ends we pro! v vide means for contracting, or'expanding, the total cutting face of the machine as it advances along the reach, which operation will accommodate itself to the shrinkage, or widening, of the thickness of the vein.

By referring to Fig. 5, ofthe drawin vs we shew a bearing pla/tc 71 resting on the rame at 73 weshow 'a collar surrounding the shank :of said nut and provided with a handle bar 74 extending inwardly andto a point within easy access of the operator seat-I A -ed at 70. Ve providealso ratchet teeth 75 forming part of the nut 72;

78 and itself pivoted to the handle bar Z4 at 79. 'lhe outer end of the lever 77 is provided with springs 80 'which bear upon the inner faces of the fork 81, the latter being likewise pivoted inthe handle bar Tt at 82. The fork 81 is kprovided with a handle 52.3

adapted to be set in the notched rack Sli-l affixed to the handle bar T4. it 85 we show a. vertically placed worin screw-seated, eatending through, and turning in, the nut 72. The upper end of the worm sci-ew 85 is pivoted at 86 on a bracket 8T secured to the inclosing frame, or casing i9. and by manipulating the parts just hereinbefore mentioned the Said frame, or casing, can be raised, or lowered as will 'be explained. This frame, or casing, terminates at 4its lower end in a hopper shaped structure 88 and this hopper has an extension consi sting of t-he collapsible sections 89 and 90. These sections are shown in side elevations in Fig. 5; a rear elevationbeing shown in Fig. 6; t-hey are arranged to overlap one another, the lower one 89 seating on the upper and outer corner of the collecting box 91; arranged above and partly overlappingv the section 89 is the. section 90, the latter extending upwardly and overlapping in turn the hopper 88. Slots 92 in the hopper 88 and corresponding pins 92i in the section provide for a sliding con nection between 88 and 90. The extension 58 is provided with bearing surfaces which turn in bearings 9i affixed to the ma-y chine thus permitting the frame 4-9-51 be` ing moved by the screw 85.

'When 'the operator perceives that the thickness of thevein is decreasing he proceeds tofeti'ect a corresponding contraction of the cutting machinery; if on the other hand the vertical thickness of the vein is widening he may proceed to expand the said cutting machine to the. extent of its vertical capacity. If the handle 74, as shown in Fig. 4, is given an intermittent movement forcing the pawl, against the successive rachet teeth, the nut 7l will bef turned and the vertical screw 85 will be fed down, causing a corresponding contraction in the frame, or casing carrying the cutting tool wheels; by this means the machine is accommodating itself to a vein of decreasing thickness and is avoiding the necessity of cutting' at 76 is a two ended pawlpivoted on the lever 74, and it' is set to either a right or left position bymeans of'a leverv '77 siviveled to the pawl at total height of the cutting lface can b *increased by a reversal of the ableve opershaft, the horizontaly reachesfthe method of approaching, initiating and cutting out and comminuting successive sections of mineral,

with the machine therefor and lwe will now vproceed to describethe manner ofgcolle'cting and transferring the comminuted product to any desired point, and finally, t-heinstru mentalities for sifting said product from its propelling media; setting forth ,and illustrating therewith the means and'apparatus employed by us to carry into `effect these, phases of our invention. Asthe mineral is cut and coinminuted by the'rotating tools from the left wall of the tunnel, it is rushed,

together with the air, its propelling medium, f toward the portal forming the entrance of the conveying tube, and constituting the col lecting box hereinbefore mentioned. vTe will proceed to describe the details of our apparatus employed to carry this second phase of our invention into eifect it beingunderstood that this is a preferred form of conveyer and is not intended, in its specific development, to constitute a limitation herein; on the contrary vve contemplate, lbroadly speaking, an ,automatic fiuid collector and conveyer, as will be noted inthe claims appended hereto. a

Referring to F ig. l if the drawings, we provide a tube, or conduit, 95 extending from the sump, or separating chamber 0 into the tunnel 3, 5., and parallel with the right wall thereof. Leading from the sump` or separating chamber, is an air exhaust. hereinafterdescribed, which creates and maintains, in the operation of our method a continuously flowing current of air beginning at the mouth of the mine, proceeding with a gentle movement to a point where the machine is located, sifting therethrough and around the edges to the proximity of the cut.- ting tools, translated thence by a violent action into the contracted orifice of the returning tube, discharging therefrom into the sump, or separating chamber, and therefrom exhausting, as above stated, and as will be hereinafterA fully explained. it te be understood that the air column moves rapidly only over a portion of its path, for the reason that before it arrives in the proximity of the machine it has Valready traversed the distance lying between said machine and the mouth of the tunnel; this body of air, so moving vinto the mine, operates as a means iic of ventilation without entailing any addij tional expense, o r any special apparatus;

this phase of our method will be referred to again but we will here repeat that there is a continuously moving column Vof air begin- -ning at the mouth of the tunnel, traveling vtoward and through the machineand from thence in to a confined returning tube, the two `sections of the continuously movin column, or body of air, the one ingoing an Fig. 1, near theright Wall 6, of'said tunnel.

Infthis place and position it is. adapted to coperatc iyith the cutting and comminuting `u iachine i n its first excursion when the section ofm-ineral .ly1ng between lines 7 and 10 is being cut and removed. `When thisl section is completed and the machine has been backed to the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 1, the tube 95 is'moved laterally a distance corresponding with the thickness vor a section toward the left Wall 7; or the inachineitself as it'moves along may-pull the tube. 95 into position. Then themachine has reached the position shown in Fig. 1, where itis operating on section 1li-16 the tube V95 is in the position shown in full lines in this same figure. l The'tube 95 is shown in cross section in Fig. 6 and: invlongitudinal section in F ig; 7.

For. the purpose of. facilitating. its lateral movement we provide rollers, or casters 95, said. casters serve as supports for the tube also.

`It is to be understood that the tube 95 is not alrigid structure, but, t-houghfmade of metal,` and stiff in theV sense that it will not collapse and will stand the strain of the air pump, yetit -ca'n at the same time b'e pulled and -hauled laterally, bending like along stove-pipe, and automatically accommodate ing itselfto the position of the machine with which it hasa sliding connection,

As the'machine advances from the point 9 andaroundthe curve 8 into the reach 5, it cuts and comminutes the mineral, as before explained, and it is a part of our invention to deliver the product tothe tube 95, as fast as it is reduced. -As the cut-ting tools 4:3 re i-'clve moving in the direction of the arrows, as shown in Fig. 5, they tear off the coal, the

' smaller particles being all drawn directly by the air currents to the collecting box and the. heavier particles precipitated by gravity to the floor ofthe mine.

The-.depositedcoaloccupies, fore and aft,

'that' partof the ,Hoor of the 'mine lying bev'tween the point B, see Fig. 5, and the broom 96 f attached to and' extending'` downwardly from the :rear 'end 'of .the collecting boxv91,

and laterally it occupies the space betweentheleft. hand wall of the reach to` linecorren 'spondingwith the right hand edge.4 ofthe ,cutter supporting wheels. 4It Y is tothis' space that we-addressthe nowerrapldly movmg such moving body to seize upontheprecipi.-

' tated product and convey it also to the por.

tal 'of the collecting box 91. Thel fuel charged air is 'drawn toward. this portal portal travels along the collecting box in the- 1from all directions and upon entering said direction shown by the arrow in F ig. 6.5- f

p low 96 shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4 asf sists in pushlngthe-comminuted lproduct toward the portal .of 4the collecting box and bringing it in better range of the air currents. The outer end of the collecting box 91 is open at the bottom as-shown in Fig. 6

and its plan formation can Vbe seen in Fig. .4

in dotted lines.

As the collecting box travels with the mai chine and as it is our intention to direct' the comminuted product into the stationary 'tube 95 it is necessary to provide special means for electingthis delivery', This part of our invention is accomplished by provid# ing along the top and the entire lengt-h of the tube 95, an opening 97, "As the machine advancesalong .the reach this opening'l is maintained at a point. exactly opposite 'the' machine and the comminut'ed product can 'here freely enter; at all other points this opening 97 is kept closed its integrity as a sealed conduit being thuspreserved. Ex-f tending inwardly from the collecting box 91, isthe piper 98 which curves upwardly as shown in F ig.y6. At its farther end the' pipe 98 is provided with a double ended plow 99 having -an opening 100 cci-responding with, and constituting the terminal of, the-pipe 98.

The longitudinal opening 97 of .the pipe 95 'i is providedLwit-h vertical and slightly fiaring-walls 101, and also with flanges, or outwardlyextending rims 102, and it is upon these tianges 102 that the guides 103 travel; see 'detail yview F ig. 10. The plow 99 isformed in one with, 'and .is a part of. the ca'rriage 104. Thecarriage is'provided at eachend with rollers 105.

-At 106 We shovv a flexible pipe adapted to fit down .into the longitudinal opening 97 of the tube 95 and to close and seal the same: it seats upon the .inner faces. of the flaring walls .101. It is .the object and duti' of the plow-99 to laybai'e this opening. as it moves along, by raising the pipe 106` and it is corcollection boxf91. shall escape into the tunnel. again., This mechanism constitutes a traveling' .Huid access and sc alii'ig device, bridging 1 the space, whih..1s constantly shifting its location,- betireen the advancing machine and the stationary tube. n front ofthe carriage 104 isthe carriage 107 connected by the laterally extending 'arms to the 4main frame 18 being secured thereto bythe bolts.109, the said carriage being secured to said transverse arms by the pin or boltl 109; swiveled to the bolt 109a is vthe link 110 which is also swiveled in turn by tllffbOlt 111 to the cross bar112 of the carriage 101. By means of this arrangement as the carriage 107 `moves along it draws the plow carriage after-it; the flexibility of the .1.0

connection just described obviating any 'binding on the flanges 102 and the rubber tube '100g providing for the relative move- '.ment of the pipe 98 and the tube 95 by a telescoping action.-

The outer end of the flexible sealing pipe 106 is provided with-a head or lateral extensionl13, and at. 1111 is shown, fixed to the tube -95,a collar through which the ilexible pipe 106 extends and in which it has a slight.' movement. Lying between the head 113 and the collar 114 is a spring 115. The collar '114 being fixed and the head 113 movable with the-give and take of the lpipe 106 the spring 115 serves to keep the said pipe stretched and ta'ut, t-he eilect being that thejsaid pipe 106 will be held down close into the tube 95; except of course where the low isin the act-of raising it. For keeping the opening 97 of the tube 95 true and of a. constantwidth and at the same time strengjhening the structure we provide small bridging'pieces 116. v

-The tube 95 extends outwardly1 through the mine terminating at-a point 117 where Vit connects with the sectionj 118 as shown in Fig. 3, the latter having a sliding connection in the larger, fixed and inclosing pipe 119.

It will'be seen and understood that as the -mined area increases it. will become necessary to lengthen the pipe 95, 118 and to do this we insert sections 118, as they are needed. They arev inserted between the tube 95 and the section 118 at 117; any number'and any length of pipes 118n can thus A 'be put in.

The pipe 119 lies immediately over the sump, or separating chamberV 2 and is provided at its fartherend with a downwardly extending exit 120; the exit 120 discharges 'into the sump 2. Leading from the sump is the pipe 121 terminating in a pump 122, a discharge pipe 123 extending upwardly to the mouth 124 of the mine which is the upper end of the vertical sha-ft 1. Other details of this phase of our appara-tus will be hereinafter referred to and the method of l operation will be taken up in connection W-ith the sump or separating chamber and the wetting appliances with which,A n the present illustration of our method, the air system is associated.

' We will here proceed to describe our weting or moistening system, to. which we have already referred and /which we employ and utilize for carrying 4ourl method and invention into eect; it being understood that we do not limit ourselves in the present claims, where wetting, or moistening processes are mentioned, or implied, to the particular arrangement shown and described herein, butreserve vto ourselves, in

and under the said claims such other similar, alternative, orequivalent means as will satisfactorily perform and discharge :this

. phase' or step in our method.

' At 125 we show a standing pipe which indicates a source of water supply, itis connected at its lower end with horizontally extending pipes 126 and 127; the former of these two has an extension 128 flexible in its nature and it may be formed of rubber with a metallic armor or lreinforce whereby it can retain its flexibility and at the same time be wound upon' Ya drum without collapsing. This flexible pipe 128 isarranged so 'as'tolbe extendible both through the short andV the longer reaches 'of the horizental'tunnel 3, 5.and at its farther endjit'isattachedto and is adapted to, he wound around the drum 129, see Fig. 4. A gene-ral view of this arrangement is shown pp ljig 1. Itis attached and extends int-o the drum 129 at its extreme inner end 130; the drum 129 is...-a' liquid inclcsing cylinder; itis shown partly broken awayl in Fig. 4 and thewater isadapted to pass down the standing't'be 125 and therefrom by hydraulic pressure into and through the pipes 126 and 12S entering the cylindrical drum 129 at the point 130; owing -to the nature bf the construction of the'pipe 128 the water can flow freely therethrough while it is wound upon the drum. The cylindrical drinn 129 is supported on one end by the journal 131, and on -the other end by a journal 131, turning in a, sleeve 132 to which is alixed at 133 a spiral spring 134:; the outer end of this sprinor is xed to an annular flange 135 at 13625 the sleeve 132 seats and turns in the bearing 131;; the journal 131 is provided with a similar bearing 138 and both of these bearings are supportedby the bracket arms 139 rising from the rear cross timber 20a of the main frame.

At 140 we show a. pipe leading out centrally from the drum 129 and vce-ntrally through the journal 131, and the said jourf 146; the latter being mounted upon and turning with the main shaft 26 of the "machine,

zey lay Thoobject ofthe foregoing arrangement is to rovide means for lengthening the hy dxaullc feed as the machine moves inwardly adapting itself automatically to the reverse travel of the machine; during the inward movement of the machine the hose 128 is unwound from the drum; in its outward movement itl is wound up again preparatory to thenext excursion.

above arrangement provides a travsling wetting device which meistens the oomminuted product as it is precipitated on theoor of the mine and before it has entered the collecting box. We also may emanother wetting device as follows: g from the pipe 127 is a flexible hose 147 attached at its other end to 'a pipe 148 extending inwardly parallel to the tube 95 and connected therewith iny one or more @i by the small branch pipes 149 the `latter opening into both the tube 148 as well as tho'tube 95, and terminating in the latter inspraying devices 150.

`lilirtendingldown into the sump 2 and to a f i point near v having t e bottom thereof is a pipe 151 a valve 151a discharging at its upper end into a pump 152 which empties in turn into the pipi 153. This pipe 153 extends upwardly t ough the vertical shaft 1, and terminates at 154 emptying at that point into a tank 155.

The sump 2, consists of -a receptacle of suitable sizeand is provided at 156 with a screen or wire gauze extending over the entire area of the sump and at a point about one-third distant from the top. Through tais' screen 156 extends the pipe 120 which carries and discharges the air, water, and comminuted product,- and the pipe 151 which dipsP down into the heavier fluid,"to wit, the emulsion, shown at 157 in Figs. 2 and 3.

In thercirculation of the air column the pump 122 exhausts fromthe upper strata of the sump 2 drawing upon the air therein which enters through the pipe 120; in doing so theair flows into the pipe 121, and from the said pipe to the pump 122; it is then forced-up and out of the mine through the pipe 123. In this -removal of the air the wetted product is prevented from being drawn into the pipe 121, by reason of the screen or interfering wire gauze diaphragm 156. The air column thus begins at the mouth 124 of the tunnel 1, and moving downwardly traverses the short reach '3, an the longer reach 5, as far as the position of the machine, at which point it is drawnto through and around the machine and with ever increasing violence until it reaches the 5 portal of the collecting box 91, into which the two iuid systems, namely,

it is drawn; traversing this it entersthe pipe g8 and from thence discharges into the tube 07 pipe 121, the pump 122, the pipe 123, and from the latter discharging at the mouth of the mine.

The wat-er circulation begins at the top-of the standing pipe 125, and entering the pi e 126 Hows through the flexible hose 120 to t e drum v 129; from thence it discharges 'through the pipes 140, 142 and spray 143,

upon the comminuted product precipitated upon the ioor of the mine; at this point it joins the air and from here the two fluids How together associated with the mined product through the collecting box 91, pipe 98 tube 95 and from thence into the sump 2, at which point the water separates from the air; from the bottom of the sump'tlie water and product traverse the pipe 151, pum

152, and pipe 153, emptying into the tan 155, which'latter may be considered the end of the Water system.

The alternative water system 'prceeds from the standing pipe 125, pipes 127, 147 and 148, 150 into It will be seen from the foregoing how the air system and the water system beginning at different points, join at a certain stage of our methods progress, coperate during a designated second stage, and are again separated ;the one from the other before our method and operation is completed.

The wheel 23 has journals 158, which turn `in the beams 159, of the frame 160.

thumb screw 161, enters the end beam 162,

-of the said frame 160, and extending through the main frame can by means of the thumb piece 163 and the collar 164, adjust the lateral position of the frame 160; bolts 165,v in the frame 160, extending through slots 166 of the cross beams of the main frame aifording sliding adjustment between the two frames.

We provide in the fore part of the piaf, chine a gagin finger 167, the object? of which is to hol the machine away from the left wall to just the line desired.` As it is placed advance of the machine and as the machine in its excursions is brought up against the end of the mine it is necessary to provide means of protecting the gaging finr. For this purpose the finger 167 is ad- ]ustably secured by means of slot 167?, and bolt 167", to an arm 168, the latter having sliding connection with a box 169 mounte on'the main frame; a smaller box 170 slides in thebox 169 and between them we locate a sprin 171. The bolt 167", by turning the nut 112, holds the finger, arm and smaller box together; as will be seen a sliding and cushioning movement is provided for the reaching, through this, the sump 2, the` smaller branch pipes 149, sprays v the tube 95, and. from thence the same as the other system.`

n 196 inforward gage and damage thereto prevented; the sliding connection between the arm 168 andfbox 169 is provided by stop 173 in the arm and bolts 174 extending through same and to box 169. V

As before stated the main shaft 26, of the machine receives its motion from the clutch 27 mounted thereon.

At 17 5 is -shown a collar surrounding the shaft 26 having a central annular space 176,

in whici is engaged by means of a roller' 177 the outer end of the shorter arm of a bell-crank lever 17 8, supported by and turning on the pivot 17 9'ixed to the cross timber 19 of the main frame. The outer end ofthe bell-crank' lever is provided with a handle 179, within easy 'access of the operator; by moving this handlev back and forth the clutch can be manipulated.

The wheel 28 is provided on one side with four gear wheels 180 mounted on journals 181 turning in suitable bearings in said wheel 28, smaller gear wheels 182 being located upon the opposite ends ofthe said journals.

At 183 we show a brake wheel mounted on the shaft- 26 around the periphery of which is a band 184 connected to the tightening device 185, provided with a shaft 186 supported and turning in the bearing 187; an operators handle'188 is secured to the outer end of the shaft 186. Y.

At 189 we show a wheel secured to the shaft 26 by means ofthe key-190.

Upon the inner faces of the brake. wheel 183 and thewheel 189 and complementary 182 will begin to rotate causing the rotation of the larger gear wheels 180 which are mounted on the same" journals; this will cause a rotation of the wheel 189, in a direction contrary to the wheel 28; the wheel A189, being locked to the shaft 26, these operations will cause a forward movementof the machine. At-the end of the reach the brake band is loosened and the pins 194 are thrust into the recesses 196 of the wheel 28, by

moving the handle 179; this provides for a rapid ret-unf.

From the ent-ire foregoing it will be seen that we have shown and described mecha- `n`i'sm and apparatus for carrying out our improved method. l,

In setting the various instrumentalities in their initial positions previous to putting them into operation, the tube 95 should be' so disposed as to guide the machine tok some extent in the preliminary reach as the machine is only approaching the full section,

attaining it by a constantly expanding cut; until the full cut is reached the gaging means are not fully effective and thel tube 95 can be utilized at this stage for the purpose. The machine is now entering the lon reach 5 and is moving along the left wal as it travels it cuts and comminutes the coal and precipitates the product on the floor; the air collecting andA wetting apparatus in; discharging their functions bring the product to the sump 2, where the air is .drawn off and the emulsion can then be pumped` to the tank 155, which may repreen the point of use or of shipment of the ue l We have describedv how the preferred form of wetting apparatus can be extended as the machine advances and similarly it can be taken up on the back travel differences of movement between the drum 129 by rea-l son of its increasing or decreasing diameter beingl accommodated bythe intermediate spring 134, which receives and transmits the motion. Y

The back and forward movementof the machine is kept up as long as the veinof coal warrants, each forward excursion resulting in the removal of a section.

It will be seenthat by our method we establish an -even Hoor or pavement in the mine, thereby differing greatly Afrom the work of the so called tunnelingv machines which effect a circular bore; this latter! type of machine could notbe available in furthering our method nor could such type be so modified as to be utilizedin any way by us. yWe haveproceeded along entirely different lines and have evolved a sys.

stem which contemplates the removal of one stretch after another leach removed stretch being rectangular in transverse vertical section. Every time one of these rectangular sections 'is cut and removed it extends the mined area both laterally and longitudinally; at the same time it extends the floor line and the ceiling line correspondingly; by our method also' we eliminate the necessity of cutting and transporting the part- 1n s.

'gIhe system of ventilation is intimately bound up with our method; the air Vcolumn being put to practical advantage coming, as

well as going. I It will b e seen alsothatthis air column moving inwardly from the mouth of the tunnel penetrates through the inclos,

ing frame of the machine through variousv interstices and the surrounding edges with the practical result that when the air has reached the interior itis drawn toward the collecting box in all directions conveying the powdered fuel with it; in this way none but the heavier particles actually reach the floor of the mine; it is essentially a vacuum suction.

-The many improvements effected herein are all aimed at the betterment of conditions and to anyone acquainted with the art to which our method and invention relates,

the benign features, as well as the economic advantages, are at once apparent.

- Having thus described our invention, the following is what we claim as new therein and desire to secure by Letters Patent:-

1. The method of mining coal and other minerals, which consists in comininut-ing the said mineral in the act of taking it from its bed, de ositing the product in the path of a swift y moving body of air, drawing the said product through the agency of said air into a closed conduit, wetting the product, conveying it while in this condition to 'a separating chamber, withdrawing the air 3. The continuous method herein described of mining coal and other minerals, which consists in comminuting the mineral' as it is taken from the vein, precipitating it, and then wetting it, and finally in eniploying the same water as an instrumentality for conveying the mineral from the mine.

4. The continuous method herein described of first automatically reducing coal to a powdered form in the' act of its removal from the vein, then drawing the powdered coal by means of a continuously moving fluid agency to, and mixing it with, a body of owing water, then employing that water for conveying the product to any desired point, and finally removing a portion of the moisture to form a commercial product.

5. The continuous method of mining coal, which consists in reducing the mineral to powdered form by mechanical means in the act of separating it from its bed, drawing the powdered coal by means of a continu'- ously moving agency to, and mixing it with, a body of flowing water and bringing the mixture substantially to an emulsion, conveying the mixture to settling areas, then permitting the mineral to separate from the water by gravity.

JGSEPH H. HOADLEY. WALTER H. KNIGHT. Witnesses:

WM.- M. lTHONNES, HERBERT KNIGHT. 

